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(Teller nullstilt 23. august 2007)

Sist endra: mandag, 20. august 2007 14:55:25  -  Hans Isdahl

Evighetsmaskiner

Perpetuum mobile (latin: 'alltid i bevegelse'): Ideen om en maskin som kunne utføre arbeid uten å bli tilført energi, er flere tusen år gammel. Energiloven tillater ikke at det kan utføres arbeid uten tilførsel av energi, og allerede Leonardo da Vinci var klar over det sjølmotsigende i teorien. Men mennesket har alltid vært fascinert av tanken. Og i vår tid kan man vel si at bilrace med kjøretøy som bare drives av solkraft er det nærmeste en kan komme evighetsmaskinen. I Australia kjøres et slikt race hvert år!

I Newton (på NRK) blei kunstneren og oppfinneren Reidar Finsrud presentert - med evighetsmaskin som gikk gjennom hele programmet.

På skolen har vi en evighetsmaskin som jukser på Fysikksalen: Ta en titt på den!

Har dette noe med matematikk å gjøre? Ja, naturligvis! Som tankeeksperiment omkring energiloven, er dette et typisk matematikkproblem.

Det fins mange tegninger av evighetsmaskiner: Jeg har kopiert fra http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/5832/index.html: (1 - 12 nedafor)

Mobile1.gif (415659 bytes)
Fra Illustrert vitenskap

Perpetuum mobile no. 1

The machine starts to work, when we put it under water. The dishes are filled with air at normal pressure. There is a heavy iron part on each dish that can move up and down. The volume of the air depends on that iron part. If it's under the dish, the volume is bigger. If it's on the dish the volume gets smaller. Don't forget its' under the water. There is a different volume of the air on the left side then on the right. That's why the machine starts to rotate giving out a certain amount of work.
I wrote some simulation programs and they showed I'm right. Even, the whole amount of work, of one cycle, happens to be zero the machine still works. Just suppose that the dimension between the rollers is a little bigger. The amount of work is not zero any more. I've been told there is a mistake in that thinking, but nobody told me where I'm wrong.
If you are the first that solves the problem, you do deserve a beer.

Perpetuum mobile no. 2

 

Explanation:
The red parts are capable to move radial, depending on the position of the wheel. As you see, on one side of the wheel, they are close to the centre than on the other side. So the whole moment of the red parts is always more than zero.

Perpetuum mobile no. 3

Explanation:
That perpetum mobile is based on magnetic field. The small magnets are positioned in the way that magnetic filed of the big magnet is turning the wheel.

Perpetuum mobile 4



As you can see from the picture, there is a line of turbines and a wather jet flowing throgh them. Let's say that the water is flowing withouth any looses from a tank pozitioned 10m higher then the turbines. According to the mathematics and physics, from the powwer needed to pump the wather back into the tank., and the ideal power that we can get from the turbines is not the same.
Let's assume that the magnitude of the flow is 10 liter per second (m=10 l/s). The speed of the injetion flow is u=14.00714104m/s. The power, needed to pump the wather back into the tank is P=F*v=m*v*v, that meanes that P=1.962 W.
The jet flows into the first turbine. If we calculate the optimum tangential speed of the turbine, we find that it's magnitude is v1=u/3=4.669047013. The power we can get from the first turbine is P1=m/3*u^2=P/3=0.654.
Then the jet enters the second tubine. The ideal work, that we can get from the second turbine is P2=m/3*(2/3*u)^2. Analog the work from turbine number n is Pn=m/3*(2/3*u)^(2*n).
If the line of the turbines is very long then the whole amount of wor from all turbines is P=1.1772W.
As you see the power from turbines is of less magnitude then the the power needed to pump the wather back into the tank. So if we rotate the turbines, we pump the wather in the rezervoar and actually benefit power.

Perpetuum mobile 5



This is really a simple demonstration, why all magnet or gravity related perpetuum mobile machines won't work.
As it can be seen from rhe picture, we simply put a megnet under a cylinder.made of iron. The magnet is not pozitioned under the rotation center, so it atracts one side of the cylinder more than the other. That is why the cylinder startes to rotate.

Unfortunately, this thinking is wrong. All parts of the cylinder that fall in the greater gravity (magnetic) level must be pushet out, as well. All the work, that a part of cylinder gets when it's mooving toward the greater gravity (magnetic) level is needed when it is pushed back out of it..
That is the reason vhy all gravity and magnet bazed perpetuum mobile machines cwill never work.

Perpetuum Mobile 6



This is a picture I've got by E-mail. The sender wants to stay anonymus. He left me no description of that machine, but the picture. Howewer, the picture tells everything.
Consider, the horizontal part being fiksed, and the twoo wheels rotating. I don't see why it woludn't work.


Perpetuum mobile 8




This is an intersting idea that Boyd Cantrell sent me. Its a product of his younghood dreams. Howewer, by the thime he was old enough to build it he already knew that perpetual motion machines of the first kind could not work.
The idea is demonstrated in the above pictures. Put an innertube on a wheel. Fill it two thirds with wather. Put an axle through it so it can spin. Now make another one like it. Now hold the axels and push the wheel up against each other so that they can squeez each others wather to the outside. The results are that one side of each wheel is lighter than its other side. That is why the wheel spins.

Perpetuum mobile 9


Touch that picture if you want to see the device from different views.

This is an idea from a fren, who's been wondering about Bessler PM.
The main idea of the device is to change the gravity of the mooving iron ball, becouse of the small magnets above the track. As you can see from the picture, the ball is rolling on a track, that is fixed to the pendulum. When the ball would trie to prevent the pendulum oscilating it comes under the magnets (red). The magnets reduce the weight of the ball. When the ball comes in a position where its mass is useful, there are no magnets above it, so it accelerates the pendulum.

Perpetuum mobile  no. 10



This PM is based on the same principles as the previous one, though it's even more simple. The magnets above the track of the balls changes the weight of the balls. The left side is then easiar as the right one, so the balls strart to role on the track. 

Perpetuum mobile no. 11





This is a PM from a magazain "ZIVLJENJE IN TEHNIKA". It's an very old idea. The balls on the right site are always closer to the centre as the balls on the left side. Becouse of that and becouse of the shape of the radial parts, the wheel startc to rotate.

Perpetuum mobile no.12





As well as the the previous one, I found this PM in magazain "ZIVLJENJE IN TEHNIKA". The magnet on the top of the device pulls up the iron ball. When the ball reaches the holle in the track it falls down ond rolles to the base pozition.

Disse er saksa fra Fasiten 1965 - ungdommens egen bok: For en med matematikkunnskaper må den første være svært overbevisende!

Mobile0.gif (281760 bytes) Mobile1.gif (329300 bytes)
Mobile2.gif (262776 bytes) Mobile3.gif (289836 bytes)
Mobile6.gif (408615 bytes) Mobile7.gif (333762 bytes)

Ellers er jo myten om Sisyfos - han som var dømt til å rulle en stein opp på et fjell - en skikkelig Perpetuum Mobile-historie! Se ham slite på sida til Olav RE!